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Selective estrogen receptor modulators

2000· book-chapter· es· W164600259 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueCambridge University Press eBooks · 2000
Typebook-chapter
Languagees
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicEstrogen and related hormone effects
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEstrogen receptorSelective estrogen receptor modulatorNeuroscienceBiologyMedicineInternal medicineBreast cancer

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Estrogens are frequently prescribed to perimenopausal and postmenopausal women for control of menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and memory disturbances. More recently, estrogens have been recognized and used for long-term protection against chronic diseases related to estrogen deficiency, most notably osteoporosis and heart disease. Estrogens have diverse multisystemic effects (Ettinger, 1998) including those on the central nervous system and have, therefore, been implicated in maintaining normal cognitive function and possibly reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (Henderson, 1997). Estrogens have also been linked to a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Use of estrogens is limited, however, due to stimulatory effects on both the uterus and the breast, as well as some troublesome side-effects. In the uterus, there may be an increase in the risk of uterine cancer even when progestins are given appropriately (Beresford et al., 1997). Furthermore, the body of epidemiologic data suggests an increase in the risk of breast cancer, at least after long-term (>5–10 years') use (Collaborative Group, 1997). The increased risk of deep venous thrombosis has also been recently described in epidemiologic studies. Side-effects such as breast tenderness and engorgement, vaginal bleeding with many hormone replacement regimens, and a perception that hormone use is associated with weight gain, headaches, and nausea are other symptoms which limit estrogen use.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.821
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.185
Teacher spread0.178 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it