Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System, Bd. 1: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century, New York 1974; Bd. 2: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World-Economy, 1600–1750, New York 1980; Bd. 3: The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World Economy, San Diego 1988
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AuszugDer Soziologe Immanuel Wallerstein (geb. 1930 in New York) promovierte 1959 an der Columbia University. Dort engagierte er sich 1968 in der Reformbewegung. Von 1955 bis 1970 forschte er hauptsächlich zur Kolonialgeschichte Afrikas. 1971 ging Wallerstein an die McGill University in Montreal. Seit 1976 ist er Soziologieprofessor an der State University of New York. Bis heute arbeitet er dort als Direktor des von ihm gegründeten „Fernand Braudel Center fort he Study of Economies, Historical Systems, and ivilizations“.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".