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Record W1667500860 · doi:10.1109/pes.2003.1270982

Deep lake water cooling

2004· article· en· W1667500860 on OpenAlexaff
D. Fotinos

Bibliographic record

Venue2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37491) · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicReservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
Canadian institutionsFuelCell Energy (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHypolimnionWater cooledEnvironmental scienceSpring (device)Layer (electronics)Deep waterDeep ocean waterHydrology (agriculture)Water coolingMeteorologyGeologyMaterials scienceEngineeringGeographyMechanical engineeringOceanographyEutrophication

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Deep lake water cooling is based on a very simple physical property of water: water is heaviest at a temperature of 4/spl deg/C, and is lighter at temperatures above and below this. As a result, any deep body of water will have a permanent layer of cold (4/spl deg/C) water at a depth of 83 meter, called the "hypolimnion", and this layer is renewed every spring and fall as the surface is warmed and cooled with the season: when the surface hits this critical 4/spl deg/C temperature, it sinks, and adds to the existing cold layer. This layer can provide a permanent renewable source of totally natural cooling. The deep lake water cooling project has it all: it makes business sense, it is environmentally responsible, and it will be reliable. Customer contracts are being negotiated right now and several new landmark buildings are expected to join Enwave's expanding cooling network over the next few months.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.028
Threshold uncertainty score0.093

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0280.005

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.227
Teacher spread0.218 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations10
Published2004
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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