Geology and Wine 9: Regional Trace Element Fingerprinting of Canadian Wines
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
New, and previously determined, trace-element analyses (20 elements) for 162 wines from five regions across Canada (Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario (Niagara and Pelee Island) and British Columbia (Okanagan and Vancouver Island) test the hypothesis that wines can be regionally fingerprinted, using routine ICPMS analyses. Exploratory statistics show that wine trace-element composition is predominantly related to region of origin and wine colour. Compared to white wines (128 samples), red wines (34 samples) have higher Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba and M and lower Li, U and Th. This may be explained by extraction from grape skins (Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Mo) and adsorption onto grape skins (Li, U, Th) during fermentation of red wines, although other explanations (e.g., bisulfite addition) cannot be ruled out. Nearly all 20 trace elements are useful for creating discrimination diagrams that separate wines by region with considerable accuracy (>90%). The geochemical behavior of trace elements in all wines suggests that a common mechanism, the effect of climate on trace element solubility, affects trace-element concentration patterns. Further, regional average concentrations of most trace elements correlate strongly with Degree Days, indicating that more heat results in increased evaporation, which in turn increases water uptake, thus yielding higher trace-element concentrations in grapes. High Sr and Ba in Okanagan wines may be derived from alkaline soils in this semi-arid environment. Thus, terroir-related climate and soil differences lead to quantifiable trace-element fingerprints for Canadian wines by region. SUMMAIRE Les resultats precedents et recents d'analyses d'elements traces (20 elements) sur 162 vins provenant de cinq regions du Canada (Nouvelle-Ecosse, Quebec, Ontario (Niagara et ile Pelee) et de Colombie-Britannique (l'Okanagan et l'ile de Vancouver) permettent de tester l'hypothese selon laquelle il serait possible de caracteriser regionalement les vins a partir d'analyses de routine de SM/PIHF. Une analyse exploratoire statistique des resultats montre que la composition en elements traces est principalement reliee a la region d'origine des vins et a leur couleur. Compares aux vins blancs (128 echantillons), les vins rouges (34 echantillons) ont des teneurs plus eleves en Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba et Mo, et moins eleves en Li, U et Th. Cela pourrait s'expliquer par un phenomene d'extraction a partir des peaux de raisin (Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Mo) et d'adsorption sur les peaux de raisin (Li, U, Th) durant la fermentation des vins rouges, bien qu'on ne puisse exclure d'autres explications telle (l'ajout de bisulfite par ex.). Presque chacun des 20 elements traces contribue a la realisation de diagrammes de differenciation qui permettent de departager les vins par region avec une grande precision (=90 %). Le comportement des elements traces dans tous les vins permettent de penser qu'un mecanisme commun, soit l'effet du climat sur la solubilite des elements traces, affecte les profils de concentration en elements traces. De plus, les concentrations regionales moyennes de la plupart des elements traces montrent qu'il existe une forte correlation avec les degresjours, ce qui indique qu'un surplus de chaleur amene un accroissement de l'evaporation, ce qui entraine un accroissement de l'absorption d'eau, ce qui explique les plus fortes teneurs en elements traces des vins. Les fortes teneurs en Sr et en Ba des vins de l'Okanagan pourraient s'expliquer par ses sols alcalins dans un environnement semi-aride. Et c'est ainsi que les facteurs climatiques et pedologiques permettent la caracteriser de maniere quantifiable les vins canadiens par region.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it