Sub-surface deposits of hydrous silicates or hydrated magnesium sulfates as hydrogen reservoirs near the Martian equator : plausible or not?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neutron maps obtained using the neutron spectrometer (NS) and the high-energy neutron detector aboard the Mars Odyssey spacecraft reveal variations in the concentration of hydrogen over the martian low to middle latitudes, with up to {approx}10 wt% water-equivalent hydrogen in some equatorial regions. Infrared spectroscopic data provide evidence of chemically and/or physically bound H{sub 2}O and/or OH. Likewise, the decrease in flux of epithermal neutrons in Arabia Terra and southwest of Olympus Mons has been attributed to enhanced concentration of water-bearing minerals in the subsurface. The near-surface martian regolith is expected to contain both unweathered and weathered materials. It may contain significant and heterogeneously distributed amounts of hydrous minerals, such as clays, zeolites, and/or salt hydrates, such as MgSO{sub 4} {center_dot} nH{sub 2}O. Experimental studies suggest that if such water-bearing minerals formed in the past on the martian surface, they may retain significant amounts of water under present martian surface conditions. Hydrous minerals could thus account for some or all of the water observed in the martian regolith by Odyssey. Our study uses surface P-T data to predict regions of stability and the hydration state of selected water-bearing minerals from low to middle latitudes and to identify the nature and amount of hydrous minerals that could possibly account for the water observed by NS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".