Canada's domestic regulatory framework for RPAS: A call for public deliberation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As of October 2012, Transport Canada approved the first phase in Canada's evolving regulatory framework for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS), with three more phases to be put in place over the next four years. The focus of the first phase was only on small RPAS, but already several issues stand out as being particularly problematic, especially if they are carried through into the next phases of regulatory development: the extent of the private sector's influence; exclusion of some types of RPAS from regulation; and the extent of the collaboration between regulatory officials and the Canadian military. Over the next few years it will be imperative for civil society actors to take a more active role in ensuring that these remotely piloted technologies, which can be used to spy on and monitor citizens, are deployed and regulated in a manner consistent with the values of privacy, freedom, and democracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.126 | 0.140 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.029 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.037 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.016 | 0.012 |
| Research integrity | 0.051 | 0.049 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".