Large Sample Properties of the Three-Step Euclidean Likelihood Estimators under Model Misspecification
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article studies the three-step Euclidean likelihood (3S) estimator and its corrected version as proposed by Antoine et al. (2007 Antoine, B., Bonnal, H., Renault, E. (2007). On the efficient use of the informational content of estimating equations: Implied probabilities and Euclidean empirical likelihood. Journal of Econometrics 138:461–487.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) in globally misspecified models. We establish that the 3S estimator stays -convergent and asymptotically Gaussian. The discontinuity in the shrinkage factor makes the analysis of the corrected-3S estimator harder to carry out in misspecified models. We propose a slight modification to this factor to control its rate of divergence in case of misspecification. We show that the resulting modified-3S estimator is also higher order equivalent to the maximum empirical likelihood (EL) estimator in well-specified models and -convergent and asymptotically Gaussian in misspecified models. Its asymptotic distribution robust to misspecification is also provided. Because of these properties, both the 3S and the modified-3S estimators could be considered as computationally attractive alternatives to the exponentially tilted empirical likelihood estimator proposed by Schennach (2007 Schennach, S. M. (2007). Point estimation with exponentially tilted empirical likelihood. Annals of Statistics 35:634–672.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) which also is higher order equivalent to EL in well-specified models and -convergent in misspecified models.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it