Sex modulates whole‐body sudomotor thermosensitivity during exercise
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is unclear whether true physiological differences exist in temperature regulation between males and females during exercise, independently of differences in physical characteristics and metabolic heat production. Therefore, we examined differences in the onset threshold and thermosensitivity of whole-body sudomotor activity and cutaneous vascular conductance between males and females matched for body mass and surface area. Nine males and nine females performed 90 min of exercise at each of the following intensities in a warm/dry environment: 50% of maximum oxygen consumption (V(O(2)max)) and at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production equal to 500 W. Evaporative heat loss (EHL, direct calorimetry) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, laser-Doppler) were measured continuously. Mean body temperature was calculated from the measurements of oesophageal and mean skin temperatures. During exercise at 50% V(O(2)max), a lower rate of sudomotor activity was observed in females (385 ± 12 vs. 512 ± 24 W, P < 0.001). However, irrespective of sex, individual EHL values were strongly associated with metabolic heat production (R(2) = 0.82, P < 0.001). Nonetheless, a lower rate of EHL was observed in females when exercise was performed at 500 W of metabolic heat production (419 ± 7 vs. 454 ± 11 W, P = 0.032). Furthermore, a lower increase in EHL per increase in mean body temperature was observed in females (553 ± 77 vs. 795 ± 85 W °C(-1), P = 0.051), with no differences in the onset threshold (36.77 ± 0.06 vs. 36.61 ± 0.11°C, P = 0.242). In contrast, no differences were observed in CVC. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that females have a lower thermosensitivity of the whole-body sudomotor response compared to males during exercise in the heat performed at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it