Stiffness and Dilatancy Improvements in Uncemented Sands Treated through MICP
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory testing shows that microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) through microbial denitrification can improve the mechanical properties of a sand without inducing significant interparticle cementation. Consolidated isotropically undrained triaxial compression testing of Ottawa 20–30 sand treated with denitrifying microorganisms shows that, even at low carbonate contents and with no observed cementation, soil treated through MICP exhibits significantly improved stiffness and dilatant behavior. These improvements are also evident when the treated soil is dried, reconstituted, and retested, indicating that the stiffness and dilatant properties of the soil can be improved by MICP in the absence of interparticle cementation, particularly at low strains. However, these improvements may be reduced or eliminated when the soil is reconstituted and tested multiple times. These results indicate that small amounts of MICP can induce significant improvement in treated soils, potentially leading to savings in time and money if this technology is applied in the field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".