Systematic review of motor vehicle crash risk in persons with sleep apnea.
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether drivers with sleep apnea are at increased risk of motor vehicle crash; whether disease severity, daytime sleepiness, or both disease severity and daytime sleepiness affect this risk, and whether treatment of sleep apnea reduces crash risk. DESIGN: Systematic review of published literature. SETTING: N/A. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Patients with sleep apnea. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Forty pertinent studies were identified. For studies investigating whether noncommercial drivers with sleep apnea have increased crash rates, the majority (23 of 27 studies and 18 of 19 studies with control groups) found a statistically significant increased risk, with many of the studies finding a 2 to 3 times increased risk. Methodologic quality of the studies did not influence this relationship (p = .22). For commercial drivers, only 1 of 3 studies found an increased crash rate, with this association being weak (odds ratio of 1.3). The evidence was mixed regarding whether the risk of crash involvement is proportional to the severity of the sleep apnea, with about half of the studies finding a statistically significant increased risk with increased severity. Correlation with subjective daytime sleepiness and crash risk was also found in only half of the studies reviewed. Treatment of sleep apnea consistently improved driver performance (including crashes) across all studies. CONCLUSIONS: Noncommercial drivers with sleep apnea are at a statistically significant increased risk of involvement in motor vehicle crashes. Studies did not consistently find that daytime sleepiness and the severity of sleep apnea were correlated with crash risk. Successful treatment of sleep apnea improves driver performance. Clinicians should educate their patients with sleep apnea about the importance of treatment adherence for driving safety.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it