The effects of hypoxia on fishes: from ecological relevance to physiological effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypoxia is an ever increasing threat to aquatic systems. While fluctuating levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) can be a natural phenomenon, hypoxia caused by eutrophication and organic pollution is now considered to be amongst the most pressing and critical water pollution problems in the world, particularly in densely populated regions. The effects of low DO on fishes are an area of great concern and thriving study. Researchers have examined the effects of low DO on fishes from the cellular to community level. The purpose of the current paper is to review the effects of low DO on complex fish behaviour, community and fish physiology. Our review will also highlight studies in which DO is known to interact with a known contaminant. Throughout the paper we will highlight areas in need of future research such as chronic exposure, interactive effects of DO and contaminants, an increased understanding of how hypoxia affects communities of organisms, and finally a need for an increase in freshwater studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".