Bioactivity of <i>Acyranthes aspera</i> (Amaranthaceae) Foliage against the Japanese Encephalitis Vector <i>Culex vishnui</i> Group
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and objective : Failure to develop proper vaccines against mosquito borne diseases, a global health problem, imposes sole reliance on the vector managerial steps for reducing the disease incidences. Easy abundance, cost effectiveness, target specificity as well as bio-degradability of botanicals draw the most attention as vector control agents than their synthetic counterparts which facilitate vector resistance and intoxicate natural resources. The present study estimated larvicidal activities of the crude and solvent extracts of Acyranthes aspera against the vector of Japanese encephalitis Culex vishnui group under laboratory conditions. Methods: Crude extracts of A. aspera foliage ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% concentrations were examined for larvicidal activity against 1 st to 4 th instars larvae of Cx. vishnui group. Extractions of the active fractions were carried out by means of six different solvents in a non-polar to polar approach viz. petroleum ether, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone, and absolute alcohol. Dose dependent mortality was established through graded concentrations ranging from 20 ppm to 100 ppm using the bioactive fractions. Further, determinations of LC 50 and LC 90 values of crude and bioactive fractions were accomplished through log-probit analyses. Statistical justifications of the larvicidal property were established through ANOVA analyses regarding instars, time and concentrations as three completely randomized independent variables. Costing impacts on the non-target water fauna of the bio-active portion were assessed under laboratory conditions. Result : In a 72 hour bioassay experiment with crude extract, the highest mortality was recorded in 0.5% concentration. Acetone extractive was found to exert efficient larvicidal activity amongst all the solvent extractives. Cent per cent mortalities were exhibited by 1 st and 2 nd instars larvae at 48 hours of exposure while 3 rd instars larvae showed 97.32% mortality at 72 hours of exposure with LC 50 value of 32.15 ppm. An obvious dose-dependent mortality was established through regression analyses, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentration (X). The non-target populations were primarily non-responsive to plant extracts under study. Conclusion : Extract of A. aspera foliage is of great consequence having appreciable larvicidal activity against Cx. vishnui group . The compound is environment friendly and largely non-toxic to non-target organisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".