Long-term effect of potassium chloride treatment on improving the soil behavior of highly sensitive clay — Ulvensplitten, Norway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Re-establishing high salt concentration in leached low-saline, highly sensitive clays significantly improves their mechanical properties. Long-term effects on quick clay exposed to diffusion of potassium chloride (KCl) from salt wells installed in 1972 at Ulvensplitten, Oslo, Norway, are investigated. The increased undrained and remolded shear strengths, as well as increased Atterberg limits, remain 30 to 40 years later. The undisturbed shear strength increased from less than 10 to 25–30 kPa, and the remolded shear strength increased from less than 0.5 to more than 6 kPa. The liquid limit increased beyond the natural water content. Adding KCl to quick clay improved the properties to such an extent that it no longer appears as quick. Recent ground investigations in the area suggest a permanent effect on an engineering time scale. Consequently, the method may be suitable to prevent large flow slides in quick clay areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".