Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long-term changes in shoreline position along Louisiana's rapidly deteriorating barrier coastline were documented from 1855 to 1989 using National Ocean Service (NOS) topographic sheets and near-vertical aerial photography. An interactive computer mapping system was employed to compile and quantify shoreline data at approximately 880 shore-normal transects by magnitude, direction, and rate of change. The study area extends along the barrier coast of the Mississippi River delta plain from Raccoon Point (western Isles Dernieres) to Hewes Point (northern Chandeleur Island). Four barrier systems characterize the study area: (1) Isles Dernieres, (2) Bayou Lafourche, (3) Plaquemines, and (4) Chandeleur Islands. Long-term gulfside rates of change range from -23.1 to +0.9 m/yr, whereas bayside rates range from -5.0 to +24.0 m/yr. Louisiana barrier island systems have experienced landward migration, area loss, bayside erosion, and island narrowing as a result of complex interactions among subsidence, eustatic sea level rise, wave processes, storm impacts (cold fronts and tropical cyclones), inadequate sediment supply, and intense human disturbance (levees; oil, gas, and sulphur extraction activities; access canals; seawalls; jetties). Consequently, the structural continuity of Louisiana's barriers is weakening as the barrier shoreline continues to narrow, fragment, and finally disappear. Seven geomorphic response types characterize the barrier shoreline: 1) lateral movement, 2) advance, 3) dynamic equilibrium, 4) retreat, 5) landward rollover, 6) breakup, and 7) rotational instability. Although the Bayou Lafourche shoreline has the highest rates of erosion through landward rollover and retreat, the Isles Dernieres, Grand Terre Islands, and the eastern Plaquemines shoreline are experiencing the more devastating process of breakup and will probably disappear within the next 25 years. Consequently, these zones of breakup are the most critical coastal land loss areas along Louisiana's barrier shoreline and thus, further threaten productive estuarine habitats in Terrebonne/Timbalier and Barataria Bays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.991 | 0.992 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".