Alcohol Consumption and Homicides in Canada, 1950–1999
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article addresses whether an association between alcohol consumption and homicide can be established in analyses of Canadian time series data and, if so, whether the strength of the association varies across Canadian provinces and with respect to male and female victim rates. Time series analyses on differenced series of annual aggregate-level data on alcohol sales and homicide rates for the period 1950–1999 were performed for Canadian provinces and the country as a whole. Total alcohol sales were positively and statistically significantly associated with total homicide rates in two provinces and with male homicide rates in three provinces. The effect of alcohol sales was somewhat stronger for male homicide rates than for female homicide rates in two provinces. Pooling of estimates yielded a statistically significant association between alcohol sales and homicide rates for Canada. The findings support the hypothesis that alcohol sales tend to have an impact on homicide rates, and more so in certain provinces and for male homicide rates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it