Crash analysis of a three-year-old human child model in side impacts considering normal and incorrect CRS usage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The majority of child crash analyses have been evaluated using child dummies. Due to structural simplifications in modelling human anatomy in crash testing dummies, the predictive capabilities of dummies for injuries are limited. In previous studies, a three-year-old human child model was modified by implementing the child neck biomechanical behaviour. The altered biofidelity of the cervical spine was validated with paediatric cadaver head/neck tests reported in the literature. This study focuses on the crash evaluation of the modified three-year-old human child model, by comparing kinematic and biomechanical responses to those of the unmodified human child model and the Q3s dummy model in simulated side impacts. Four different restraint conditions, namely near-side, far-side, near-side misuse (without top tether) and far-side misuse, were selected for comparison in terms of the Head Injury Criteria, head acceleration, head excursion, head contact force, neck force and chest acceleration, under a forward-facing configuration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".