Historical comparison of the 2001/2002 drought in the Canadian Prairies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the west-central Canadian Prairies, precipitation was well below normal for a remarkable 8 consecutive seasons from September 2000 through August 2002. The precipitation deficits were associated with severe agricultural, hydrologic, and socio-economic impacts over much of the area. This study compares the spatial extent and severity of the 2001/2002 Canadian Prairie drought to previous droughts during the period of instrumental records. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) show that the worst and most prolonged Prairie-wide droughts during the period 1915-2002 occurred in the early part of the 20th century. Over the agricultural region of the Prairies, 2001 and 2002 generally ranked high in terms of spatial extent and severity of drought; at some stations the 2001/2002 drought was the most severe one on record. More importantly, it followed a prolonged lack of dry years, and this likely contributed to the severity of its impacts. Results from this study are an initial step toward the quantification and better understanding of both past and future drought occurrence over interior regions of North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".