Minimum-Deviation Digital Controller IC for DC–DC Switch-Mode Power Supplies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper introduces a hardware-efficient digital controller integrated circuit (IC) for single- and two-phase dc-dc converters that recovers from load transients with virtually minimum possible output voltage deviation. In steady state, the IC behaves as a conventional voltage-mode pulsewidth modulation controller. During load changes, it enters transient suppression mode that utilizes a simple algorithm, requiring no knowledge of the converter parameters and virtually no processing power, to seamlessly recover back to the steady state without exposing components to a high-current stress. To further minimize the area and power consumption of the IC, an asynchronous track-and-hold analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is developed. The ADC utilizes only one preamplifier and four comparators having approximately ten times smaller silicon area and power consumption than a comparable windowed flash ADC. To compensate effects of converter losses and system delays on the controller operation, the IC also incorporates duty ratio correction logic and dual-extreme point-based detection. The entire IC is implemented in a CMOS 0.18-μm process on a 0.26-mm2silicon area, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art analog solutions. The functionality of the controller is tested with both single- and two-phase commercial 12-1.8 V, 500-kHz 60/120-W buck converter power stages. The results demonstrate seamless transition to the steady state with virtually minimum output voltage deviation. For the experimental system, this deviation is about four times smaller than that of a fast PID compensator having a one-tenth of the switching frequency bandwidth.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".