Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CONTEXT: Sedation has become an integral part of critical care practice in minimizing patient discomfort; however, sedatives have adverse effects and the potential to prolong mechanical ventilation, which may increase health care costs. OBJECTIVE: To determine which form of sedation is associated with optimal sedation, the shortest time to extubation, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. DATA SOURCES: A key word search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Collaboration databases and hand searches of 6 anesthesiology journals from 1980 to June 1998. Experts and industry representatives were contacted, personal files were searched, and reference lists of relevant primary and review articles were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Studies included were randomized controlled trials enrolling adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation and requiring short-term or long-term sedation. At least 2 sedative agents had to be compared and the quality of sedation, time to extubation, or length of ICU stay analyzed. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on population, intervention, outcome, and methodological quality were extracted in duplicate by 2 of 3 investigators using 8 validity criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of 49 identified randomized controlled trials, 32 met our selection criteria; 20 studied short-term sedation and 14, long-term sedation. Of these, 20 compared propofol with midazolam. Most trials were not double-blind and did not report or standardize important cointerventions. Propofol provides at least as effective sedation as midazolam and results in a faster time to extubation, with an increased risk of hypotension and higher cost. Insufficient data exist to determine effect on length of stay in the ICU. Isoflurane demonstrated some advantages over midazolam, and ketamine had a more favorable hemodynamic profile than fentanyl in patients with head injuries. CONCLUSION: Considering the widespread use of sedation for critically ill patients, more large, high-quality, randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness of different agents for short-term and long-term sedation are warranted.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it