IN-TUBE CONVECTIVE CONDENSATION UNDER AC HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of alternating high-voltage electric fields on heat transfer and pressure drop for tube-side condensation of flowing refrigerant HFC-134a have been investigated. Experiments were performed in a horizontal, single-pass, countercurrent heat exchanger with a rod electrode placed along the center of the tube. Tests were performed with a sine and square wave voltage signals over a range of frequencies, peak-to-peak voltages, and direct current (DC) offset voltage, for a fixed mass flux of 100 kg/m2s, inlet quality of 70%, and heat flux of 10 kW/m2. The heat transfer coefficient was enhanced by a factor up to 2.7 with a similar increase in the pressure drop. An increase in the DC offset voltage and/or the peak-to-peak voltage increased the effective voltage of the applied alternating current (AC) signal, with a consequent increase in both heat transfer and pressure drop. The effect of frequency on heat transfer and pressure drop is strongly influenced by the DC offset voltage and the peak-to-peak voltage of the applied signal. In general, the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty increased with an increase of frequency at the low-frequency range. The effect of frequency is less prominent as the frequency is increased and has little effect in the high-frequency range.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it