Experimental and computational investigations of flapping wings for Nano-air-vehicles
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the finalized results of a recent project which investigated the aeromechanical aspects of aerodynamic force generation by making use of flapping wings. Flapping-wing experiments using small wings have some unique challenges posed by the low force level (∼1 N) and the cyclic wing motion. A tailored experimental water tunnel facility was developed for flapping wings operating at high reduced frequency with a complex two-dimensional and a three-dimensional motion profile. The experimental capability is demonstrated by the test cases of two-dimensional and three-dimensional flapping wings, designed according to a proposed notional nano-air-vehicle at a hovering condition. The features of the water tunnel, the geometric and kinematic parameters of the airfoils/wings, and the setups of the motion rigs for each test case are described. Measured forces and particle image velocimetry data are analyzed and cross-checked with the numerical results obtained from a code developed in-house. The comparisons of the experimental and numerical results show that the established experimental approach obtained a quantitatively reliable solution for the development of flapping wings and can serve for numerical validation of engineering tool developments. The investigation reveals that the kinematics of a rigid airfoil or wing is the dominant influence in the generation of aerodynamic forces, while the cross-section profile plays a secondary role. An asymmetric-wake-in-time is found behind the single airfoils and wings, which contributes to an asymmetry behavior of the resulting aerodynamic forces. In addition to the findings of single airfoils and wings, further analyses of the numerical and experimental results confirm that wing-wing interaction through the clap-fling mechanism can intensify the generation of the thrust force while accompanied by a small reduction in the overall propulsion efficiency.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it