Determinants of cross‐border commuting: Do cross‐border commuters within the household matter?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cross‐Border commuting is an important form of spatial labor mobility. It is influenced by socio‐economic characteristics and personal attitudes, as well as, by the institutional framework shaped by the labor market, social insurance, and tax laws of the jurisdictions involved. In this paper we analyze the determinants of cross‐border commuting, focusing on the question, whether the existence of cross‐border commuters within the household changes the probability for cross‐border commuting for other household members. The empirical analysis is based on face‐to‐face interviews with employees in the Austrian Land of Vorarlberg, a region with a strong cross‐border commuting tradition especially to Switzerland and Liechtenstein. The sole existence of cross‐border commuters does not change the probability to be a cross‐border commuter. However, we find a significant effect if we interact the existence of cross‐border commuters with the presence of children in the household. Besides this, we present evidence on the role of other socio‐economic and personal characteristics on the cross‐border commuting decision.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it