Les prêts contingents aux étudiants dans les pays de l'OCDE
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Students Income Contingent Loans in OECD Countries. Investment in higher education is important for economic growth. Now, although most of European countries (including France) invest about 1 % of GDP in Higher Education, United State (and Canada) devote to it about 2.5 % of GDP (OCDE [2004]). We also point out that Higher Education spending tend to be more important in countries where a substantial part of the funding is private, originating from students and their families or from donations (alumnies) or enterprises. The difficulties in Higher Education funding that arose in some developed countries during the 90 s, combined with a persistent inequality of opportunities, have conducted some of them to implement reforms. Those reforms have in common some core characteristics that lean on Income Contingent Loans in compensation of the introduction of higher tuition fees. This note presents in details some of theses reforms introduced in United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. We also present the case of Sweden, where students loan schemes exist since long although access to Higher Education is totally free in this country.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it