Miniaturization and isolation improvement of a multiple‐patch antenna system using electromagnetic bandgap structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this article, a compact multielement antenna system composing of microstrip patch antennas is designed by using electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. Two distinct EBG structures are designed to achieve the two objectives of miniaturization and suppression of interelement coupling due to surface waves in a multiantenna system. By embedding an EBG array operating in the slow‐wave region, the area of the microstrip patch antenna is reduced by 67.48%. To alleviate the resulting increased back radiation, a second EBG structure is designed to surround the miniaturized patch antenna and close to 8 dB improvement in the front‐to‐back lobe ratio is achieved. As well, the second EBG design is included in a 2 × 2 multiantenna system to suppress interelement coupling. It is found that the coupling is reduced significantly when utilizing the proposed EBG rings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1609–1612, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27621
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".