Spline Probability Hypothesis Density filter for nonlinear maneuvering target tracking
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter is an efficient algorithm for multitarget tracking in the presence of nonlinearities and/or non-Gaussian noise. The Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) and Gaussian Mixture (GM) techniques are commonly used to implement the PHD filter. Recently, a new implementation of the PHD filter using B-splines with the capability to model any arbitrary density functions using only a few knots was proposed. The Spline PHD (SPHD) filter was found to be more robust than the SMC-PHD filter since it does not suffer from degeneracy and it was better than the GM-PHD implementation in terms of estimation accuracy, albeit with a higher computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a Multiple Model (MM) extension to the SPHD filter to track multiple maneuvering targets. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new filter.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it