Monitoring of the ionosphere TEC variations during the 17th August 1999 Izmit earthquake using GPS data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to determine a snapshot of previously unstudied ionospheric variations which were recorded in a two-week interval before and after a large earthquake of M 7.6 occurred on 17 August, 1999, in the Marmara region of Turkey. We detected ionospheric perturbations before the earthquake occurred using Global Positioning System (GPS) data received from the Marmara Continuous GPS Network (MAGNET). Pre-seismic ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomalies were observed three days before the earthquake at sets of stations near the earthquake location, while post-seismic traveling ionospheric disturbances could not be detected. The ionospheric variability had a negative sign with an enhancement of about 8–10 TECU (1 TECU = 10 16 electrons/m 2 ) relative to the non-distributed state of the ionosphere. The results show that this method will be a useful addition to the already-available continuous monitoring techniques in the region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".