Modeling Shear Dominated Hydraulic Fracturing as a Coupled Fluid-solid Interaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Microseismic monitoring in Barnett Shale indicates elliptical zones of failure propagating away from the wellbore and confirms the development of shear fracturing as the main failure mechanism arising from hydraulic fracturing operation. This paper presents a new technique for numerical modeling of both the creation and propagation of shear fractures in fluid induced fracturing. The method employs a coupled geomechanical/single phase flow code. The main role of the geomechanical module is to predict shear failure and provide fracture information to the flow module so that the permeability tensor can be updated accordingly during any coupling loop. In this paper, the technique, constitutive models and formulation implemented to develop the code are briefly presented. Brick type finite elements are used to model the geomechanical as well as the flow parts of the coupled problem. At any time step, the change in the effective stress tensor induced by the block pressure alteration is calculated in the geomechanical module. If the block is not initially fractured, it will be transformed into a fractured block when the shear failure criterion is attained. A pseudo continuum technique is developed and implemented to describe the mechanical behaviour of the fractured rock in which both normal and shear deformation of the fracture are taken into consideration. An example problem is shown to illustrate the application of this work to hydraulic fracturing modeling. This fundamental integrated study is an important advancement in fracture modeling as previous published techniques do not model the shear mechanism rigorously. The work can be extended and applied in other types of fluid injection operations which involve fracturing, such as coalbed methane and CO2 storage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".