Radiation dose in CT colonography–trends in time and differences between daily practice and screening protocols
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the currently used effective doses in CT colonography (CTC) and to search for trends in time. A Pubmed search for articles and a search for congress abstracts concerning CTC was performed. Research institutions were sent a CTC dose questionnaire concerning the type of CT system employed and the CT parameters used. With the ImPACT CT Dosimetry Spreadsheet effective doses were calculated. Of 83 institutions, 34 returned a complete questionnaire; 21 (62%) used 64-detector row CT and 17 (50%) used dose modulation. The median effective dose per institution was 5.7 mSv (2.8 mSv supine; 2.5 mSv prone) for screening protocols and 9.1 mSv (5.2 and 3.0 mSv, respectively) for daily practice protocols (p<0.05). Doses did not differ significantly between CT machines with different numbers of detector rows. In 17 institutions incorporated in a study in 2004 as well, the median dose for daily practice protocols changed from 11 mSv in 2004 to 9.7 mSv now (n.s.). Median effective dose for CTC is significantly lower for screening than for daily practice protocols. Although the number of CTC protocols with dose modulation increased substantially since 2004, no significant decrease in effective dose was found.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it