A review of the risks and benefits associated with mobile phone applications for psychological interventions.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid expansion of mobile phone applications is increasingly relevant to the field of professional psychology. This article highlights the ethical challenges related to the development and integration of mobile phone technologies into clinical practice with clients who suffer from a diagnosable mental illness, with an emphasis on the relevant ethical principles included in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists. The benefits and risks associated with mobile phone application interventions are reviewed, to provide psychologists with the information necessary to guide ethical decision-making. Preliminary guidelines for the ethical practice of mobile technology in psychology are proposed throughout the article (e.g., mobile applications that deliver treatment should be used to support an evidence-based intervention facilitated by a mental health professional), and areas for future research are recommended.Keywords: professional practice, ethics, technology, decision-making, mobile phone applicationsResumeL'expansion rapide des applications de telephonie mobile con- cerne de plus en plus le domaine de la psychologie professionnelle. Cet article met en relief les defis ethiques relies a l'expansion et a l'integration des technologies du telephone cellulaire dans la pra- tique clinique avec des clients presentant des troubles de sante mentale diagnosticables, en particulier les principes de deontologie qui sont inclus dans le Code canadien de deontologie profession- nelle des psychologues. Les avantages et les risques associes aux interventions realisees au moyen d'applications de telephonie mo- bile sont presentes afin de fournir aux psychologues de l'information qui les guidera dans la prise de decisions ethiques. Au fil de l'article sont proposees des lignes directrices prelimi- naires pour l'utilisation ethique de la technologie mobile en psy- chologie, par ex., les applications pour le traitement devraient etre utilisees en appui a une intervention fondee sur des donnees probantes mise en oeuvre par un professionnel de la sante mentale. L'article propose divers domaines pouvant faire l'objet d'etudes futures.Mots-cles : pratique professionnelle, deontologie, technologie, prise de decision, applications pour telephone mobile.There are a myriad of technologies available in the Western world, and their presence is ubiquitous. Technologies like the World Wide Web, smart mobile phones, computers, and smaller personal computing tablets such as the iPad are increasingly pop- ular. The advent of technological advances has revolutionized the ways in which people interact with one another. For example, personal communications can occur through cyberspace, and meet- ings that once required face-to-face contact are increasingly being conducted as virtual meetings, with people connecting through a Web-based platform, but from various physical locations.Advances in technology are progressively more relevant to the clinical practice of psychology and mental health services gener- ally. The rapid advances in technologies have profoundly influ- enced the mediums and methods of the delivery of mental health services. Psychology has incorporated new technologies to meet the demand for effective low-cost alternatives to traditional or face-to-face therapy. From early experience with telephone thera- pies (Mohr et al., 2012), online therapy is now available for individuals to seek treatment for a variety of ailments and disor- ders in the comfort of their homes, albeit these programs are currently limited in Canada (Andersson, Carlbring, Ljotsson, & Hedman, 2013). Recent developments in computer bandwidth, and the widespread availability of such computer applications as Skype, FaceTime and qq, now permit the easy transmission ofbotli voice and live video across space and time zones.In addition to telephone and online therapy, psychologists must now consider the impact of smart mobile phone technology on psychological assessment and intervention. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".