Examples of Charging Effects on the Spectral Quality of X‐ray Microanalysis on a Glass Sample Using the Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of X-ray microanalysis in the variable pressure or environmental scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM or ESEM) is limited by skirting. Under certain conditions, charging effects can occur and change the X-ray emission, which affects the X-ray microanalysis. The conventional way to evaluate charging is to calculate the Duane-Hunt limit by fitting the X-ray intensity region located below the energy cut-off. Nevertheless, this method appears to have serious limitations for instance in the case of strong insulators. A perfect example of this limitation is to study the evolution of composition of an alkali glass with time. This paper reports on the evolution of the sodium X-ray intensity with time depending on accelerating voltage, pressure and presence of a surface coating. For certain conditions, a decrease of sodium X-ray intensity with time was observed but for other conditions the reverse behavior was noticed. The increase of sodium X-ray intensity with time was obtained when the force created by the surface electrons was stronger than the force generated by electrons trapped in the interaction volume, whereas the decrease of sodium X-ray intensity occurred when the force generated by electrons trapped in the interaction volume was the stronger. The variations of sodium X-ray intensity were also compared to the variation of the Duane-Hunt limit, the determination of which is studied in detail in this article.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it