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Record W1977651640 · doi:10.1080/07055900.2011.594024

Characterizing the Surface Features of the 1999–2005 Canadian Prairie Drought in Relation to Previous Severe Twentieth Century Events

2011· article· en· W1977651640 on OpenAlexafffundvenueabout
Barrie Bonsal, Elaine Wheaton, Alison Meinert, Evan Siemens

Bibliographic record

VenueATMOSPHERE-OCEAN · 2011
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicHydrology and Drought Analysis
Canadian institutionsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatchewan Research Council (Canada)Environment and Climate Change Canada
FundersCanadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences
KeywordsPrecipitationGeographyPhysical geographyAgricultureEnvironmental scienceClimatologyArchaeologyGeologyMeteorology

Abstract

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The Canadian Prairie drought of 1999–2005 negatively affected several activities including agriculture, stream flow, hydro-electric production and forest fires. However, surface drought conditions and associated impacts were neither spatially nor temporally uniform. Following an assessment of several gridded temperature and precipitation datasets, this study incorporates the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) to characterize the surface features of the 1999–2005 Prairie drought in terms of its origin, spatial propagation, persistence and termination. This includes the development and application of a newly proposed multi-stage concept to characterize and classify drought. These characteristics are then compared to previous major Prairie droughts in the instrumental record. Results show that the 1999–2005 drought originated in the Great Plains of the United States and expanded into southwestern Alberta in late 1999 to early 2000. It then intensified to cover much of south-central Alberta and Saskatchewan in 2001. By 2002, it mainly affected the northern agricultural regions of these two provinces. This was followed by a widespread end to drought conditions in 2004 to 2005. Comparisons with other major twentieth-century droughts on the Prairies revealed many similarities, but notable differences, with the 1999–2005 episode. Analyses also showed that these major Prairie droughts originated in a variety of regions, although several can be traced back to the northern United States. Results from this investigation aid in a better understanding of temporal and spatial features associated with major Canadian Prairie droughts and can be used to help improve preparation and adaptation mechanisms for future drought occurrences. R ésumé [Traduit par la rédaction] La sécheresse qui a sévi dans les Prairies canadiennes de 1999 à 2005 a eu plusieurs conséquences fâcheuses, notamment sur l'agriculture, le débit des cours d'eau, la production d'hydroélectricité et les feux de forêts. Cependant, les conditions de sécheresse de la surface, tout comme leurs conséquences, n'ont été uniformément réparties ni dans le temps ni dans l'espace. Faisant suite à une évaluation de plusieurs ensembles de données de température et de précipitations à des points de grille, nous incorporons dans cette étude l'indice de précipitation normalisé (SPI) et l'indice de gravité de sécheresse de Palmer (PDSI) pour caractériser les particularités de surface lors de la sécheresse de 1999–2005 dans les Prairies en fonction de son origine, de sa propagation spatiale, de sa pertinence et de sa terminaison. Cela inclut la mise au point et l'application d'une nouvelle approche multiétagée proposée pour caractériser et classifier la sécheresse. Nous comparons ensuite ces particularités à celles de sécheresses importantes survenues dans le passé selon les relevés instrumentaux. Les résultats montrent que la sécheresse de 1999–2005 a pris naissance dans les Grandes Plaines des États-Unis et s'est propagée dans le sud-ouest de l'Alberta à la fin de 1999 et au début de 2000. Elle s'est ensuite intensifiée pour couvrir la majeure partie du centre-sud de l'Alberta et de la Saskatchewan en 2001. En 2002, elle a surtout affecté les régions agricoles du nord de ces deux provinces. Les conditions de sécheresse se sont ensuite généralement terminées de 2004 à 2005. Les comparaisons avec d'autres sécheresses importantes du vingtième siècle dans les Prairies ont révélé plusieurs similitudes, mais des différences notables, avec l'épisode de 1999–2005. Les analyses ont aussi montré que ces grandes sécheresses dans les Prairies ont pris naissance dans des régions variées, quoique l'origine de plusieurs peut être retracée dans le nord des États-Unis. Les résultats de cette étude aident à mieux comprendre les particularités spatiales et temporelles liées aux principales sécheresses dans les Prairies canadiennes et peuvent être utilisés pour aider à améliorer les mécanismes de préparation et d'adaptation aux futurs événements de sécheresse.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.151
Threshold uncertainty score0.000

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.204
Teacher spread0.196 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations41
Published2011
Admission routes4
Has abstractyes

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