Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Colloidal nanocrystals are quantum‐size‐effect tunable; offer an abundance of available surface area for electronic and chemical interactions; and are processible from organic or aqueous solution onto substrates rigid or flexible, smooth or rough, flat or curved, inorganic or organic (including biological), crystalline or amorphous, conducting, semiconducting, or insulating. With the benefit of over a decade's progress in visible‐light‐emitting colloidal‐quantum‐dot synthesis, physical chemistry, and devices, significant progress has recently been made in infrared‐active colloidal quantum dots and devices. This progress report summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art in infrared colloidal quantum dots, with an emphasis on applications and devices. The applications of interest surveyed include monolithic integration of fiber‐optic and free‐space‐communications photonic components with electronic substrates such as silicon and glass; in‐vivo biological tagging in infrared spectral bands in which living tissue is optically penetrable to a depth of 5–10 cm; solar and thermal photovoltaics for energy conversion; and infrared sensing and imaging based on non‐visible, including thermal, signatures. The synthesis and properties of quantum dots are first reviewed: photoluminescence quantum efficiencies greater than 50 % are achievable in solution, and stable luminescent dots are available in organic and aqueous solvents. Electroluminescent devices based on solution processing have been reported with external quantum efficiencies approaching 1 %. Photoconductive devices have been realized with 3 % internal quantum efficiencies, and a photovoltaic effect was recently observed. Electro‐optic modulation achieved by either field‐ or charge‐induced modification of the rate of optical absorption has been demonstrated based both on interband and intersubband (intraband) transitions. Optical gain from these processible materials with a threshold of 1 mJ cm –2 and an optical net modal gain coefficient of 260 ± 20 cm –1 have been reported.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".