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Record W1978438788 · doi:10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.061

Igneous Rock Associations 15. The Columbia River Basalt Group: A Flood Basalt Province in the Pacific Northwest, USA

2015· article· en· W1978438788 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueGeoscience Canada · 2015
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicGeological and Geochemical Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFlood basaltBasaltGeologyGeochemistryIgneous rockLarge igneous provincePaleontologyVolcanismMagmatismTectonics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The middle Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest, smallest, and best-preserved continental flood-basalt province on Earth. The CRBG covers ~210,000 km2 of the Pacific Northwest, USA near the British Columbia border. CRBG consists of ~210,000 km3 of basalt that began erupting ~16.7 Ma in the southern part of the province with younger eruptions progressively migrating northward; the last eruption occurred at ~ 5 Ma. The CRBG consists of seven formations. The Steens Basalt is the oldest but the next oldest, the Imnaha Basalt, began erupting near the end of the Steens volcanic episode. After a short hiatus at the end of the Imnaha Basalt, the Grande Ronde Basalt began to erupt. Both the Picture Gorge Basalt and Prineville Basalt erupted simultaneously with the Grande Ronde Basalt. The Steens, Imnaha, and Grande Ronde Basalts are the main phase of the eruptions representing ~ 94% of the CRBG volume. The Wanapum Basalt followed the Grande Ronde Basalt, which in turn was followed by the Saddle Mountains Basalt, the final phase of the eruptions. The formations, members and many flows of the CRBG can be identified by using a combination of major, minor and trace element compositions, lithology, magnetic polarity, and stratigraphic position. This allows the aerial extent and volume of the individual flows and groups of flows to be calculated and correlated with their respective dykes and vents. The eruption and emplacement rate of the flows has been controversial, with various lines of evidence suggesting that some flows erupted very rapidly and others probably erupted over much longer periods of time. The CRBG was probably derived from a mantle plume, although this conclusion is controversial. Compositions indicate the CRBG magmas underwent varying degrees of recharge, contamination, and fractionation prior to each eruption. Although the peak eruptions occurred during the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum, at present no significant extinction or environmental consequence has been correlated with the CRBG.SOMMAIRELe Groupe de basaltes du fleuve Columbia (CRBG), du Miocène moyen, est la plus jeune, la plus petite et la mieux préservées des provinces de basaltes de plateau de la planète Terre. Le CRBG couvre une superficie d’environ 210 000 km2 dans la portion nord-ouest des États-Unis du Pacifique près de la frontière avec la Colombie-Britannique. Le CRBG, c’est environ 210 000 km3 de basaltes dont les premiers épanchements se sont produits il y a environ 16,7 Ma dans la portion sud de la province, les éruptions plus jeunes migrant progressivement vers le nord, la dernier s’étant produit il y a environ 5 Ma. Le CRBG est constitué de sept formations. La formation de basalte de Steens est le plus ancienne, mais la suivante, celle du basalte d’Imnaha est entrée en éruption près de la fin de l’épisode volcanique de Steens. Près une courte pause à la fin de l’épisode du basalte de la formation d'Imnaha, l’éruption du basalte de Grande Ronde a commencé. Et le basalte de Picture Gorge et le basalte de Prineville ont fait éruption en même temps que le basalte de Grande Ronde. Les basaltes de Steens, d’Imnaha, et de Grande Ronde forment la principale portion des éruptions avec environ 94% du volume du CRBG. Le basalte de Wanapum a succédé au basalte de la Grande Ronde, puis ce fut le basalte de Saddle Mountains, la phase finale des éruptions. Les formations, les membres et le nombre de coulées du CRBG peuvent être définis par analyse de leur composition en éléments majeurs, mineurs et traces, leur lithologie, leur polarité magnétique, et leur position stratigraphique. Ce qui permet d’estimer l’étendue et le volume de coulées individuelles, de groupes de coulées, et de les relier avec leur cheminée et dikes respectifs. Le taux des flux éruptifs ainsi que le leur mise en place ont été sujet à controverse étant donné que certaines indications suggèrent que certaines éruptions ont été très rapides alors que d'autres se seraient produites sur des périodes beaucoup plus longues. Le CRGB est probablement issus d’un panache mantellique, mais cela demeure controversé. Les compositions relevées indiquent que les magmas du CRBG ont subi à des degrés divers, des recharges, des contaminations et du fractionnement par cristallisation avant chaque éruption. Bien que les plus fortes éruptions se soient produites durant la période climatique optimum du Miocène moyen, jusqu’à présent, aucune extinction significative ou répercussion environnementale ont été mises en corrélation avec le CRBG.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.173
Teacher spread0.161 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it