Reaction to World War I constraints to normal trade: the meat-packing industry in Canada and Australia
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study addresses the call by Carnegie and Napier (2002), for research on a cross-national basis to enhance our understanding of the historical development of accounting. Firms in the meat-packing industry in Australia and Canada are compared for the period covered by the First World War. The impact of the war was markedly different on the firms due to the very different contextual conditions applying in each country, despite common factors which were at work in both countries. The macro-economic and social conditions disclose long-term similarities, but time-specific and geographic conditions had the greater impact. At the outbreak of war, both firms had detailed cost systems that provided information pertinent to their needs in controlling operations. Despite the changed conditions experienced by both firms during the period, neither made any significant changes to their accounting systems. One conclusion which may be drawn, is that the criticalfactors for control were not significantly altered by the advent of war.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it