Using HIV Diagnostic Data to Estimate HIV Incidence: Method and Simulation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a new approach to estimate the number of new infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), by integrating the back-calculation method based on HIV diagnostic data with proportions of recent infections among newly diagnosed individuals. This is done by establishing an explicit link between the distribution of time-since-infection given being tested and the distribution of time-to-testing given being infected. The trend in the proportions of recent infections identifies the time-to-testing distribution, which would have not been identifiable based on HIV surveillance data alone, and makes back-calculation possible. The integration of the proportions of recent infections among newly diagnosed HIV into the model allows a probabilistic interpretation of the estimated proportions of recent infections based on the results of laboratory tests, in terms of the estimated distribution of the time-since-infection given being tested.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it