Crystal molds on Mars: Melting of a possible new mineral species to create Martian chaotic terrain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research Article| November 01, 2006 Crystal molds on Mars: Melting of a possible new mineral species to create Martian chaotic terrain Ronald C. Peterson; Ronald C. Peterson 1Department of Geological Science and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ruiyao Wang Ruiyao Wang 2Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Ronald C. Peterson 1Department of Geological Science and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada Ruiyao Wang 2Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 08 Feb 2006 Revision Received: 06 Jun 2006 Accepted: 09 Jun 2006 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 The Geological Society of America, Inc. Geology (2006) 34 (11): 957–960. https://doi.org/10.1130/G22678A.1 Article history Received: 08 Feb 2006 Revision Received: 06 Jun 2006 Accepted: 09 Jun 2006 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Ronald C. Peterson, Ruiyao Wang; Crystal molds on Mars: Melting of a possible new mineral species to create Martian chaotic terrain. Geology 2006;; 34 (11): 957–960. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G22678A.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Images sent back by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity from the Meridiani Planum show sulfate-rich rocks containing plate-shaped voids with tapered edges that are interpreted as crystal molds formed after a late-stage evaporite mineral has been removed. Experimental studies of the MgSO4-H2O system at low temperatures reveal that the triclinic phase MgSO4·11H2O exhibits a crystal morphology that matches the shapes of these molds. MgSO4·11H2O melts incongruently above 2 °C to a mixture of 70% epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O) and 30% H2O by volume. When this occurs while crystals are encased in sediment, plate-shaped voids remain. The existence of ice, low surface temperatures, and the high sulfate content of surface rocks and soil on Mars makes MgSO4·11H2O a possible mineral species near the surface at high latitudes or elsewhere in the subsurface. If an evaporite layer contained a significant amount of this phase, incongruent melting would result in a rapid release of a large volume of water and could explain some of the landform features on Mars that are interpreted as outflow channels. MgSO4·11H2O would not survive a sample return mission unless extraordinary precautions were taken. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".