“Genuine Negroes and Real Bloodhounds”: Cross-Dressing, Eugene O’Neill, the Wooster Group, and <i>The Emperor Jones</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When Eugene O’Neill’s play The Emperor Jones was first performed in 1920, it was hailed as an important landmark for the representation of race on the American stage. For featuring a central black character and for actually casting a black actor to play the role, O’Neill and his work were seen to be radically progressive in an era of widespread blackface minstrel practice on the stage. O’Neill’s play – which tells the story of Brutus Jones, an African American Pullman porter who escapes from a chain gang and becomes the emperor of a Caribbean island – was hailed as a masterpiece for its expressionist investigation of the complexities of race and identity. O’Neill offered his white audiences a sympathetic and powerful African American protagonist, played by a black actor at a time when the representation of blackness on the stage was reserved for whites in blackface. O’Neill’s place in the history books as an important figure in the history of African American emancipation seemed a sure thing.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".