Channeling of protons through carbon nanotubes embedded in dielectric media
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate how the dynamic polarization of the carbon atoms valence electrons affects the spatial distributions of protons channeled in the (11, 9) single-wall carbon nanotubes placed in vacuum and embedded in various dielectric media. The initial proton speed is varied between 3 and 8 a.u., corresponding to the energies between 0.223 and 1.59 MeV, respectively, while the nanotube length is varied between 0.1 and 0.8 $\mu$m. The spatial distributions of channeled protons are generated using a computer simulation method, which includes the numerical solving of the proton equations of motion in the transverse plane. We show that the dynamic polarization effect can strongly affect the rainbow maxima in the spatial distributions, so as to increase the proton flux at the distances from the nanotube wall of the order of a few tenths of a nanometer at the expense of the flux at the nanotube center. While our findings are connected to the possible applications of nanosized ion beams created with the nanotubes embedded in various dielectric media for biomedical research and in materials modification, they also open the prospects of applying ion channeling for detecting and locating the atoms and molecules intercalated inside the nanotubes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it