EFFECT OF NOZZLE GEOMETRY ON BREAKUP LENGTH AND TRAJECTORY OF LIQUID JET IN SUBSONIC CROSSFLOW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of a nozzle's internal geometry on a water jet issuing into a subsonic cross airflow was studied experimentally to determine the jet's breakup length and trajectory. The geometrical parameters considered were the nozzle's diameter, nominal surface roughness, length-to-diameter ratio and contraction angle. Although the nozzles employed were not transparent, near-field photographs and column breakup lengths of a water jet discharged into a quiescent atmosphere (i.e., having no airflow) allowed conditions to be identified that promoted cavitation or hydraulic flip. Results revealed that a nozzle's geometry influenced the corresponding water jet's breakup length only at high momentum flux ratios. Furthermore, the trajectory of a water jet from a nozzle experiencing cavitation or hydraulic flip, when discharged into a subsonic crossflow, was found to be almost insensitive to the nozzle's geometry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".