Malmquist productivity index of the manufacturing sector in Canada from 1994 to 2002, with a focus on the wood manufacturing sector
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study, the productivity changes of the manufacturing industries in Canada were evaluated using the Malmquist productivity index, then the productivity change was decomposed into the frontier shift (technical change) and efficiency change (catch-up effect). The frontier shift is the change in the best practice frontier over time, typically due to changes in technology, while the catch-up effect is the change over time in the efficiency of each unit individually. The results of the analysis showed that the productivity of the Canadian manufacturing sector (on average) improved in 2002 compared with that of 1994 and the main reason for this growth was the frontier shift. However, during the same period in Canada, a slight descent was observed in the productivity of the wood products manufacturing sector, mainly due to a decline in efficiency change. This decline could have been due to various factors such as the decline in capital expenditure and the low educational level of the workforce.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it