Similarities in Homicide Trends in the United States and Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The decrease in the overall homicide rate in the United States during the latter 1990s has been explained in terms of changes in various factors such as the availability of guns, crack markets, and demographics. Although these are all plausible explanations, they do not explain why Canada has experienced similar declines in homicide rates during that same period. Homicides in Canada are qualitatively different from homicides in the United States, and thus changes in gun availability or crack markets are likely not behind the decrease in Canada’s homicide rate. However, changes in demographics might be one explanation behind Canada’s decreasing homicide rate. Analyses revealed that as in U.S. research findings, changes in demographics appear to account for roughly 14% of Canada’s decreasing homicide rate. Thus, although the homicides are qualitatively different from one another, demographics appear to account for similarly small proportions of the change in homicide rates in both countries.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it