A Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Investigation of FC-72 in a Microtube Using Liquid Crystal Thermography
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents experimental measurements of boiling heat transfer in a 1.067 mm inner diameter tube, using liquid crystal thermography for wall temperature measurement. The study was motivated by the two-phase microchannel pumped cooling loop, a recent technology proposed for thermal management of tomorrow's high-end electronics. The working fluid was FC-72, which is a dielectric coolant and measurements were obtained in a closed loop test facility. A unique flow boiling onset was observed whereby a large wall temperature gradient travels along the tube. During flow boiling conditions, wall temperature fluctuations have been observed. The use of a thermographic technique has added insight into the flow boiling characteristics and acts as a partial flow visualization method. Local heat transfer coefficients are presented and compared with correlations for both macro- and microchannels. The heat transfer coefficient is found to be influenced by the heat flux at a lower mass flux but only mildly at a higher mass flux.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it