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Record W1988032831 · doi:10.5779/hypothesis.v5i1.64

Normalizing Endophenotypes of Schizophrenia: The Dip and Draw Hypothesis

2008· article· en· W1988032831 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.

Bibliographic record

VenueHypothesis · 2008
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEndophenotypeSchizophrenia (object-oriented programming)PsychologyCognitive psychologyNeurosciencePsychiatryCognition

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial complex genetic disorder generally characterized by a copious and polarized array of features that cause an anomalous perception of reality and social dysfunction. Timely and accurate diagnosis of schizophrenia can be obscured due to comorbidity and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Two models, the dopamine and glutamate hypothesis, attempt to explain the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Importantly, the hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and may work together in the manifestation of schizophrenia, each playing an independent role for a subset of symptoms. Finding causes of the disease has been extremely difficult, largely due to its phenomic complexity. As a consequence, psychiatrists have begun to document endophenotypes, quantifiable symptoms with a molecular basis, for the disease in attempts to deconstruct, simplify and focus schizophrenia research. Endophenotypes can be present in model organisms, allowing for elegant and controlled experimentation. A recently generated reversible animal model of aberrant dopaminergic activity provides support for a novel understanding of how the brain may respond to antipsychotics. A prediction herein named the dip and draw hypothesis is presented to explain discrepancies between the early and delayed-onset hypotheses of antipsychotic action. Although progress in schizophrenia research has been modest over the last century, the recent union of theory and technology may provide the potential for better treatment.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.045
Threshold uncertainty score0.667

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.073
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.170 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it