Development of Time-Temperature Probes for Tracking Pathogen Inactivation During Composting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pathogen inactivation is expected to occur in compost if temperatures over 55°C (131°F) are maintained for at least 3 days, or 15 days in windrows. However, a literature review revealed pathogen survival in a significant number of processes appearing to meet the prescribed time-temperature criteria. It was hypothesized that pathogen survival may be due to the existence of undetected temperature variations within the compost mass. In order to investigate this possibility, it is necessary to monitor the conditions that a random particle of compost would experience as it passes through the composting process. As no adequate methods currently exist to monitor the temperatures of random particles, it was deemed necessary to develop a method to monitor temperature conditions that random particles of compost material encounter during the high-temperature phase of composting. A self-contained, battery powered temperature probe was designed for this purpose, with properties of size and density similar to those of compost particles, in order to allow it to move freely as it undergoes the composting process (in a manner similar to that of a random particle of material). Preliminary tests were done to ensure adequate device operation prior to manufacturing. Though the results were promising, improvements and further testing were recommended to ensure that the probe could withstand the harsh conditions encountered during composting, and to ensure that it would move randomly during compost agitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".