Estimation of dose-area product-to-effective dose conversion factors for neonatal radiography using PCXMC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dose-area product-to-effective dose (E) conversion factors for chest, abdomen and abdomen-chest neonatal radiographs were computed. Seven patient models in the Monte Carlo software, PCXMC, were defined, representing neonates ranging in weight from 0.5 to 6.0 kg. Conversion factors for a tube potential range of 50-80 kVp at two beam filtrations (3.0 mm Al and 3.0 mm Al+0.1 mm Cu) were calculated. For 133 neonatal radiographs, effective dose values determined using these conversion factors were compared with those obtained from PCXMC simulations customised for each radiograph. For a 3.0-kg newborn irradiated at 60 kVp/3.0 mm Al beam filtration, the conversion factors were 2.58, 1.90 and 1.91 μSv (mGy cm(2))(-1) for chest, chest-abdomen and abdomen radiographs, respectively. Average dose difference between the conversion factors and customised dose calculations was 16 %. Disagreement in effective dose was most strongly correlated with under-collimation in the lateral direction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".