Multiresolution Based Gaussian Mixture Model for Background Suppression
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims toward improving background suppression from video frames by incorporating multiresolution features in Gaussian mixture model (GMM). GMM has proven its place for background modeling due to its better applicability and robustness compared with other popular methods in literature. However, GMM fails in a number of situations such as noisy and non-stationary background, slow foregrounds, and illumination variation. Extensions to GMM have also been proposed to increase accuracy in expense of increased complexity, decrease in execution speed, and reduced applicability. In view of the above, this paper aims to provide a methodology to assimilate useful multiresolution features with GMM that considerably improves the performance. The contributions of this paper are: 1) a novel framework to incorporate wavelet subbands in GMM to improve its performance; 2) an approach to incorporate variable number of clusters in the aforesaid framework; and 3) a generic platform to use any multiresolution decomposition based GMM for background suppression. Extensive experimentations on several video sequences are performed to verify the improvement in accuracy compared with conventional GMM as well as a number of state-of-the-arts approaches. Along with qualitative and quantitative analysis, justification on the use of multiresolution is provided for clarification.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it