Lessons from a conceptual modeling exercise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is considerable need to educate students in the process of developing conceptual models within the modeling and simulation discipline. The challenge is complicated by the fact that the specific form of a conceptual model is not driven by universally accepted criteria and one might argue that the ultimate purpose of such a model is itself ill-defined. In 2010 one of the co-authors initiated a Conceptual Modeling Corner segment in the Society of Modeling and Simulation International's M&S Magazine. To focus the discussion, a specific problem was outlined and readers were encouraged to propose conceptual models for the problem. The M&S course within the Georgia Tech Professional Masters in Applied Systems Engineering program recently used the problem as an assignment and 46 students developed conceptual models. In this paper we outline criteria developed to evaluate a subset of these conceptual models and a number of lessons learned from this exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".