Tsunami Impacts on Phuket's Diving Industry: Geographical Implications for Marine Conservation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines the impacts of the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the scuba diving industry in Phuket, Thailand. Interviews were carried out to determine tsunami effects on dive tour companies, and post-dive questionnaires were distributed to ascertain recreational diver perceptions of tsunami effects on dive sites. Of the 65 companies in December, 2004, 42 were fully operational in April 2005. During the post-tsunami high season, 35 companies lost an average of 63.6 ± 40.5% days of diving, compared to an average season, amounting to a total of 4631 diving days. During this time, the diving industry was instrumental in post-tsunami rescue, relief, and restoration efforts. Despite high expectations for damage, tsunami effects on dive sites were not noticed by most recreational divers. Using a geographical perspective, this study highlights how tsunami effects on the diving industry have several implications for marine conservation in Thailand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".