Maximum forces and joint stability implications during in-line arm pushes
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current ergonomic software packages have no way of determining manual arm strength limits when the force vector passes directly through the elbow and shoulder, such that the moment demands on those joints are very low. The first step in overcoming this dilemma is to understand what the arm force limitations are when there is no moment to balance. Sixteen participants generated isometric in-line arm forces at varying intensities. Surface electromyography was used to monitor individual muscle activity, which was used in combination with moment arm estimates, to make inference about elbow stability. There was a significant difference in the average maximum forces produced by males compared to females, such that the 25th percentile maximum in-line arm push force is suggested to be 636 N for males and 359 N for females. Our force limits can be easily implemented into any ergonomic assessment tool as boundaries for maximum in-line arm forces.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it