Effect of valproate on plasma levels of interleukin-6 in healthy male humans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Valproate exerts many biochemical and physiological effects and may have a modulating effect on the immune system. The present study aimed to determine whether there is a treatment effect of valproate on plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6, in healthy male humans. Plasma levels of IL-6 were measured in 10 healthy male humans before and after 7 days of treatment with 1000 mg per day of valproate (i.e. 500 mg in the morning and 500 mg in the evening). All the healthy subjects had no past or current psychiatric disorder. They reported to the outpatient clinic at 09.00 h for baseline sampling. Subsequently, they were commenced on valproate 1000 mg per day for 7 days. They took the last dose of valproate at 22.00 h on the day 7, and post-treatment blood sampling for plasma levels of IL-6 was carried out on day 8. An additional blood sample was also taken from each subject at the same time to measure plasma levels of valproic acid for drug compliance. We found a significant increase in plasma levels of IL-6 after the 7 days of valproate treatment in healthy male subjects. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the changes in plasma IL-6 and blood levels of valproic acid. The findings of this study are consistent with previous studies on subjects with epilepsy, suggesting a modulating effect of valproate on the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in humans. However, studies with a larger number of participants and employing a double-blind, placebo-control group are required to confirm the findings, and also the levels of other cytokines should be measured to generalize the effect to the immune system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".